Detection of enteric viruses in pancreas and spleen of broilers with runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) / Detecção de vírus entéricos em pâncreas e baço de frangos com a síndrome de nanismo e raquitismo (RSS)

Enteric disease is a multifactorial problem in chickens, which causes gastrointestinal alterations, elevated feed conversions and impairment. In the last years, several enteric viruses were implicated in enteric disease; case reports have shown their presence alone or in concomitant infections during outbreaks and have suggested that they might be determining factors in the aetiology of enteric disease. This study shows high detection rates of enteric viruses in the pancreas and spleen in samples from an outbreak of enteritis and malabsorption in 16 chicken flocks (n=80 broilers). Avian nephritis virus (ANV) was the most ubiquitous virus, present in 75% of the flocks followed by avian rotavirus group A (ART-A) with 68.75%, and by chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and chicken parvovirus (ChPV) in 43.75% of samples. Viruses were present in the pancreas of positive flocks at extremely high rates: 100% for ART-A, 91.7% for ANV, 100% for CAstV and 57.14% for ChPV. By contrast, only 16.7% and 57.14% of intestine samples were positive for ANV and CAstV, respectively. Avian reovirus (AReo) and avian adenovirus group 1 (FAdV-1) were not detected. These results suggest that high viral detection rates in pancreas samples may be a result of viremia during enteric disease, with subsequent damage of the exocrine pancreas, leading to runting-stunting syndrome (RSS).(AU)

A doença entérica é um problema multifatorial em galinhas que causa alterações gastrointestinais, conversão alimentar elevada e deficiência de crescimento. Nos últimos anos, os vírus entéricos foram associados à doença entérica; casos reportados mostraram a infecção de um único vírus e também infecções concomitantes durante os surtos sugerindo a presença de múltiplos fatores etiológicos nas doenças entéricas. Este estudo mostra uma alta taxa de detecção dos vírus entéricos em amostras de pâncreas e baço de um surto de enterite e má-absorção em 16 lotes de frangos (n=80 frangos). O vírus de nefrite aviária (ANV) foi o vírus mais detectado, estando presente em 75% dos lotes seguido pelo rotavírus aviário grupo A (ART-A) em 68,75% dos casos, e pelo astrovirus (CAstV) e parvovírus aviários (ChPV), ambos em 43,75% das amostras. Os vírus estavam presentes no pâncreas dos lotes positivos em percentuais elevados: 100% para ART-A e CAstV; 91,7% para ANV, e em 57,14% para ChPV. Em contraste, somente 16,7% e 57,14%, em amostras de intestino, foram positivos para ANV e CAstV, respectivamente. Reovírus aviário (AReo) e o adenovírus do grupo 1 (FAdV-1) não foram detectados. Estes resultados sugerem que os elevados percentuais de vírus detectados em amostras de pâncreas podem estar associados à viremia durante a doença entérica, com subsequente lesão no pâncreas exócrino das aves levando ao desenvolvimento da síndrome de nanismo e raquitismo.(AU)

Estudio sobre la prevalencia de manifestaciones clínicas del síndrome de túnel carpal en los odontólogos que ejercen la profesión en el área de Soyapango, en el período comprendido de enero a marzo de 2003 / Study on the prevalence of clinical manifestations of carpal tunnel syndrome in dentists practicing the profession in the Soyapango area, in the period from January to March 2003

El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de conocer la prevalencia de manifestaciones clínicas del Síndrome del Túnel Carpal en sesenta y seis odontólogos que ejercen la profesión en el área de Soyapango, durante el período comprendido de Enero a Marzo del año 2003. De ellos 55 ejercen la profesión en sus clínicas privadas y 11 en las Unidades de Salud. Al mismo tiempo se determina que porcentaje de los entrevistados presentan signos y síntomas del Síndrome. La Descripción del Síndrome del Túnel Carpal empieza con Putnan en 1880, reportando dolor y parestesia en la distribución del nervio mediano. En el Departamento de Trauma y Ortopedia en el Centro Médico de Queens en Nottingham, Inglaterra, se practicó un estudio en 58 mujeres para detectar cambios histopatológicos de los tendones Tenosinovial y retinaculoflexor en pacientes con Síndrome del Túnel Carpal. En años recientes los reportes de injurias o desordenes traumáticos acumulativos, reportados por el Departamento de Estadísticas laborales en los Estados Unidos ocupan el 60% de todas las enfermedades ocupacionales, siendo el Síndrome del Túnel Carpal el más frecuente. La Asociación Dental Americana realizó un estudio reciente para investigar la prevalencia del Síndrome del Túnel Carpal en Odontólogos entre 1997 a 1998. En los que se utilizaron una población de 1,079 odontólogos, a quienes se les practicó exámenes de electro diagnóstico; al 13% de los odontólogos se les diagnóstico mononeuropatía del nervio mediano, pero solo 32 de ellos tenía síntomas del Síndrome del Túnel Carpal. De este estudio concluyeron que la prevalencia del síndrome del Túnel Carpal es más común en la población de odontólogos, recomendando que el diagnóstico temprano del síndrome pueda llevar a un tratamiento eficaz y dar a conocer métodos ergonómicos para los procedimientos dentales, son los mejores métodos preventivos. Se tiene conocimiento que en El Salvador, por datos proporcionados por el Dr. Juan Cáliz Meléndez (Cirujano Ortopeda) en una entrevista realizada en su consultorio, "Existen muchos odontólogos que visitan médicos ortopedas por padecer de dolor en brazos, manos y parte del cuello, los cuales son síntomas propios del Síndrome del Túnel Carpal". Lo que se pretende lograr con este estudio, es que el gremio odontológico salvadoreño, conozca acerca del Síndrome del Túnel Carpal, que es una enfermedad ocupacional, a la que él como profesional es vulnerable de sufrirla sino es que ya padece de ella y no lo sabe, además que conozca las causas que lo provocan y que en cierta medida sepa cómo prevenirla.

The present study was carried out with the objective of knowing the prevalence of clinical manifestations of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in sixty-six dentists who practice the profession in the Soyapango area, during the period from January to March 2003. Of them, 55 they practice the profession in their private clinics and 11 in the Health Units. At the same time, it is determined what percentage of the interviewees present signs and symptoms of the Syndrome. The Description of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome begins with Putnan in 1880, reporting pain and paresthesia in the distribution of the median nerve. At the Department of Trauma and Orthopedics at Queens Medical Center in Nottingham, England, a study was performed in 58 women to detect histopathological changes of the Tenosynovial and retinaculoflexor tendons in patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. In recent years, reports of cumulative injuries or traumatic disorders, reported by the Department of Labor Statistics in the United States, account for 60% of all occupational diseases, with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome being the most frequent. The American Dental Association conducted a recent study to investigate the prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Dentists from 1997 to 1998. In which a population of 1,079 dentists were used, who underwent electrodiagnostic examinations; 13% of dentists were diagnosed with median nerve mononeuropathy, but only 32 of them had symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. From this study they concluded that the prevalence of Carpal Tunnel syndrome is more common in the population of dentists, recommending that early diagnosis of the syndrome can lead to effective treatment and make known ergonomic methods for dental procedures, they are the best preventive methods . It is known that in El Salvador, based on data provided by Dr. Juan Cáliz Meléndez (Orthopedic Surgeon) in an interview conducted in his office, "There are many dentists who visit orthopedic doctors for suffering from pain in the arms, hands and part of the neck , which are symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ". What is intended to achieve with this study is for the Salvadoran dental union to learn about Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, which is an occupational disease, to which he, as a professional, is vulnerable to suffer it if he does not already suffer from it and does not You also know that you know the causes that cause it and that to a certain extent you know how to prevent it.

Análisis de los conceptos del modelo de adaptación de Callista Roy / Analysis of the concepts of the Calista Roy's adaptation model

El artículo presenta el análisis sobre los elementos básicos del modelo de adaptación, que viene realizando el grupo de estudio de la Facultad de Enfermería.Partiendo de una revisión histórica, de los principios filosóficos y científicos que sustentan el modelo, se abordan conceptos como sistema adaptativo humano, ambiente, estímulos, mecanismos de enfrentamiento, nivel de adaptación, salud y meta de enfermería, los cuales orientan el cuidado, teniendo en cuenta la autodeterminación de la persona y los mecanismos que emplea para lograr su adaptación.